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Abstract
Rishi Jamadgni belonged to illustrious Bhrigu lineage. His uncles Chywana and Shukracharya were very
famous rishis. He was the son of famous rishi Richika. His mother’s name was Satyavati who was the
daughter of king Gadhi of Kanyakubja region. Jamadagni had famous son called Parshurama. Jamadagni
studied hard and achieved erudition in his studies of the Vedas. Jamadagni studied Dhanurveda from his
father, the Richik rishi. He received celestial bow Sharanga from his father Richika. Jamadgni married to
princess ‘Renuka’ of Ikshwaku lineage. He developed enmity with Mahishmati king Sahastrarjun over
forcibly possessing the celestial cow Kamdhenu. Sahastrarjun killed helpless sage Jamadagni. But he was
revived by his paternal uncle Kavi Shukracharya with Mrit Sanjivani Vidya. On knowing the attack on the
father, his furious son Parshurama, took revenge and killed all the Haihay lineage Kshatriyas including
Kartaveerya Sahastrarjuna in the first attempt. Later the sons of Sahastrarjuna taking the opportunity of
Parshurama being out in the forest, they again attacked rishi Jamadagni and beheaded him. Knowing this
Parshurama eliminated all the Kshatriyas from the earth. Rishi Jamadagni was present in the conclave of
rishis conducted beneath the mountains of Himalayas held some 5000 years ago to discuss the impact of
diseases on human health. Hence, it becomes necessary to explore the life of sage Jamadagni to know
about his contribution to Ayurveda.
Keywords – Bhrigu, Parshurama, Sahastrarjuna
P
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ROGANIDAN VIKRUTIVIGYAN PG ASSOCIATION
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding author: Dr. Subhash Waghe
Article Info: Published on : 15/01/2026
Impact Factor : 1.013
An Introduction To Charak Samhitokta Rishi Jamdgni and Evaluation of His
Contribution To Ayurveda
Prof. Dr. Subhash Waghe
1
1
HOD – Dept. of Roga Nidana & Vikruti Vigyana SAM College of Ayurvedic Sciences , Raisen – 464 551 (MP)
Cite this article as: - Dr. Subhash Waghe (2026) ; An Introduction To Charak Samhitokta Rishi Jamdgni and Evaluation of
His Contribution To Ayurveda;Inter .J. Dignostics and Research 3 (2) 73-79, DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 9 3 8 9
G
A
R
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Issue : 02
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 03
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74
Introduction :
Maharishi Jamadagni was present in the conclave
of rishis conducted beneath the mountains of
Himalayas, some 5000 years ago.
[1]
He was the son
of famous rishi Richika. His mother’s name was
Satyavati who was the daughter of king Gadhi of
Kanyakubja region. Jamadagni had famous son
called Parshurama. Jamadagni studied hard and
achieved erudition in his studies of the Vedas.
Jamadagni studied Dhanurveda from his father, the
Richik rishi. He received celestial bow Sharanga
from his father Richika. Jamadgni married to
princess ‘Renuka’ of Ikshwaku lineage. He
developed enmity with Mahishmati king
Sahastrarjun over forcibly possessing the celestial
cow Kamdhenu. Sahastrarjun killed helpless sage
Jamadagni. On knowing this, his furious son
Parshurama, took revenge and killed all the
Kshatriyas. Rishi Jamadagni was present in the
conclave of rishis conducted beneath the mountains
of Himalayas held some 5000 years ago to discuss
the impact of diseases on human health.
[1]
Material And Method :
Literary method of research is followed in this
article. All the available Ayurvedic and Indological
literature is explored to find the maximum
information about the sage Jamadgni.
Review Of Literature :
Birth of Rishi Jamadgni :
Satyavati was married to an old man called as
Ruchika who was foremost among the race of
Bhrigu. Ruchika desired a son having the qualities
of a Brahmin and so he gave Satyavati a sacrificial
offering specially prepared Charu. He also gave
Satyavati's mother another charu to make her
conceive a son with the character of a Kshatriya at
her request. But, Satyavati's mother privately asked
Satyavati to exchange her charu with her. This
resulted in Satyavati's mother giving birth to
Vishvamitra, a Kshatriya with qualities of Brahmin,
and, Satyavati gave birth to Jamadagni, (father of
Parashuram) a Bramhin with qualities of a warrior
.
[2] [3] [4]
Jamdagni As Rishi :
Growing up, Jamadagni studied hard and achieved
erudition in his studies of the Vedas. Jamadagni
studied Dhanurveda from his father, the Richik
rishi.
He is said to have acquired knowledge
regarding the science of weapons without any
formal instruction, with the guidance of his father.
He received celestial bow Sharanga from his father
Richika.
[5]
The ushanasa Dhanurveda, now lost, is about a
conversation between Jamadagni and Ushanas
(Kavya /Shukra) on the exercises of warfare. After
achieving the status of a rishi, Jamadagni visited a
number of holy sites.
Jamadagni’s Relation With King Gadhi :
In the lineage of legendary King Bharata, there was
a King Hasti who shaped the city of Hasteenapur in
Kanyakubja area. (modern day ‘Kannauj’ in UP].
King Hasti’s son ‘Juhu’ married the granddaughter
of Mandhata. From this union, they had a son
named ‘Sunaha’. (Ajaka– Balkashva). In the 3rd
generation after Sunaha, king ‘Kusha’ was born.
King ‘Kusha’ had a son called ‘Kushik’ who
married to the daughter of Purukutsa (starting of
‘Kaushik’ lineage)Kushik had son called ‘Gadhi’
and daughter called ‘Satyavati’. Maharishi Bhrigu
married his second son Richik to Satyavati, with
dowry of thousand black horses.
[6]
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Marriage And Progeny of Jamadgni :
Jamadgni reached the palace of King Prasenajit of
the Solar dynasty (Ekshwaku lineage) He fell in
love with his daughter, Princess Renuka, upon
seeing her, and asked the king for her marriage.
Subsequently, the two were married. From this
union, they had five sons: 1. Ṛumaṇvān, 2.
Suhotra, 3. Vasu, 4. Viśvāvasu, and 4. Rama who
later came to be known as Parshurama
[7]
Parashuram was the youngest among all and is
believed to be the incarnation of lord Vishnu. He
was well versed in all the disciplines of science and
archery. The two other brothers were 2]
Shunushepa and 3] Shunupuchha.
Jamadgni’s Test by Dharma :
Dharma took the form of Anger, and manifested at
the Ashrama of Jamadagni. He observed that the
rishi had just milked his cow, Kamdhenu, and kept
her milk in a pot. As Anger, Dharma crept into the
pot. Despite drinking it, Jamadagni remained calm.
Noticing this, Dharma appeared as a Brahmin
before the rishi, and blessed him with the boon that
he would always be righteous.
[8]
Boon To Jamdagni By Surya :
According to the Mahabharata, Jamadagni once
became annoyed with the sun god, Surya for
causing too much heat that caused burning pain to
his wife Renu. The warrior-sage shot several
arrows into the sky with celestial Sharanga to
terrify the lord Surya. Surya then appeared before
the rishi as a Brahmin, and gave him two inventions
that would help mankind deal with his heat - Sandal
and an umbrella.
[9]
Jamadagni’s Wrath on Wife Renu :
Once Renu the mother of Parashurama went to the
river Ganga for taking Bath. There she saw
Gandharava King Chitraratha taking bath with the
celestial nypmhs (Apsaras). She got attracted to
Chitraratha and played with him. Jamadgni with his
intuition, came to know about the adultery
committed by Renu. With extreme anger he asked
his son to kill their mother, Renu. All other son
disobeyed the father except the youngest
Parashurama. On father’s order, Parshurama killed
mother and all his brother but he was having faith
in the Tapobala (power of penance) of his father.
Pleased with the obedience of Parshurama,
Jamdagni, asked him to seek a boon (Varadana).
Parashurama demanded that his mother and brother
be revived and they should not remember what
happened. Accordingly, Jamdagni with his power
of penance (Tapobala) revived them.
[10] [11]
Jamadgni And Sahastrabahu :
Once Haihayvanshi king Kartaveeraya
Sahastrarjuna went to forest for hunting.There he
found the Ashram of Jamdagni. Jamadgni
welcomed the Sahastrabahu and fed all his soldiers.
Sahastrabahu saw the Kamdhenu cow which was
doing this trick for Jamadgni. King Sastrabahu
forcibly took the cow to his kingdom.
[11] [12]
The helpless rishi, who loved the cow, pursued
Sahastrabahu as they traversed the forest. Infuriated
by his defiance, the Sahastrabahu struck down
Jamadagni, and took Kamadhenu to the king's
capital city of Māhiṣmatī. After a long wait,
Renuka started to search for her husband, finding
him almost dead, surrounded by a pool of his own
blood. Renuka fainted at the sight, and when she
returned to consciousness, started wailing.
[12]
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Revival of Rishi Jamadgni by Kavya Shukra
Ushna with Sanjivani Vidya :
When Parashurama and his disciple, Akṛtavraṇa,
found her, she turned to him, and beat her chest
twenty-one times. Parashurama resolved that he
would travel the world twenty-one times, and
annihilate all the Kshatriya kings he could find.
When Jamadagni was to be cremated, the Shukra,
the grandfather of Jamdagni arrived on the scene,
and restored the rishi's life with
the Mṛtasañjīvanī vidya.
[13]
Bringing Back Kamdehnu To Jamadgni :
Parashurama and Akṛtavraṇa travelled to
Māhiṣmatī, intending to bring Kamadhenu back
home. At the gates of the city, they met
Sahastrabahu and his forces in battle, and slew
them. They returned the divine cow to Jamadagni.
The rishi instructed his son to perform a penance at
Mahendragiri Mountain (Western Ghat Mountain
Peak) in order to cleanse himself of his sins.
[14]
Jamadgni Advised Atonement to Parashurama :
On learning the news of murder of Sahastrarjun at
the hands of his son Parshurama, he scolded
Parashurama and asked to take the atonement
saying that killing the sovereign ruler is a greater
sin than murder of a Bramhin. As per him the main
quality of Bramhin is to pardon. This noble act of
Bramhins pleases the lord Vishnu. Parshurama
went to different places of worship (Teerthas) to
take the atonement for killing the ruler.
[15]
Jamdagni’s End :
Sahastrabahu’s son (Shurasena Particularly) was
egar to take revenge of their father from
Parshurama to level the score. They were searching
for the right moment. Once Parshurama and his
brothers went to forest.
Seeing this chance, sons of Sahastrabahu, attacked
the Ashrama of the Jamadgni and beheaded him
and took his head with them so that he could not be
resurrected again. Renu the wife Jamadagni, put
herself ablaze (Sati). Sage Bhrigu instigated
Parashurama to take revenge. Anguished
Parashurama, not only killed all the sons of
Sahastrabahu with the inherited Sharanga (celestial
bow of lord Shiva) but brought out massacre of
Kshatriyas.
[16] [17] [18]
Contribution To Ayurveda :
As per Charaka Samhita, Amalkayas Rasayana is
credited to sage Jamadagni.
[19]
Sage Jamadgni was
present in the ancient conclave of rishis held below
mountain Himalaya to discuss the management of
diseases occurred on account of consuming
domestic food as mentioned in Charaka Samhita.
All the rishis present there learnt knowledge of
Ayurveda from sage Bhardwaja. Hence, it can be
concluded that sage Jamadgni also may have
contributed in further development of Ayurveda.
Observations :
Jamdagni In Nutshell :
1
Father
Richik
2
Mother
Paulomi
3
Grand Father
Bhrigu
4
Father-in-law
Prasenjit
5
Place of Birth
Himalayan Ranges
(North India)
6
Spouse
Renuka
7
Children
1. Ṛumaṇvān, 2.
Suhotra, 3. Vasu, 4.
Viśvāvasu, and 4.
Parshurama
8
Residence
Bhagi - Balia district
Uttar Pradesh
9
Uncles
Chyawana and Kavi
Shukracharya
10
Lineage
Bhrigu Vanshi
11
Ayurvedic work
Amalkayas Rasayana
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Discussion :
Sage Jamadgni was constantly engaged in
observing the penance. He learnt archery from his
father Richik and also got celestial bow called
‘Sharanga’ from him. Jamadgni married to
Kshatriya princess ‘Renuka’ despite himself being
Bramhana. This shows that sage Jamadgni was
having independent thinking and use to take
decision of his own. He invented umbrella and
shoes to stay protected from extreme heat of sun.
He had given great hospitality to Mahishmati king
‘Sahastrarjuna’. He even scolded his son
Parshurama for killing sovereign ruler king
‘Sahastrarjuna’ and asked him to take atonement.
This shows his impartial righteous intellect to be on
the side of right. He revived his wife Renuka and
other sons on the request of Parshurama. This
shows the great power of his penance. He made
lord Sun to give umbrella and shoe to save his wife
from intense heat. This shows is skillful power as
archer. Sage Jamadgni was present in the ancient
conclave of rishis held below mountain Himalaya
to discuss the management of diseases. This not
only shows his interest in medical science but also
the caring nature towards mankind.
Conclusion :
Sage Jamadgni was present in the ancient conclave
of rishis held below mountain Himalaya to discuss
the management of diseases occurred on account of
consuming domestic food as mentioned in Charaka
Samhita. All the rishis present there learnt
Ayurveda from sage Bhardwaja. Hence, it can be
concluded that sage Jamadgni may also have
contributed in further development of Ayurveda.
This can be seen in one of the medicinal
preparations called ‘Amalkayas Rasayana’ used by
sage Jamadgni as mentioned in Charaka Samhita.
References :
1. Harishchandra Kushwah (commentator)
Charak Samhita of Agnivesha redacted by
Dridhbala and Charak Sutrasthana 1/5-13,
reprint edition 2016, published by Chaukhamba
Orientalia, Varanasi – 221001, pg. 7
2. Ramnarayandatta Shastri Pandeya (editor and
translator), Mahabharata, Danadharma Parva
4/8-49, 17
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st
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translation, published by Gitapress Gorakhpur,
273005, pg. 61-62
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7. Ramnarayandatta Shastri Pandeya (editor and
translator), Mahabharata, Teerthayatra Parva
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18. Krishnadwaipayan Vyasa, Bramahvaivarta
Purana, Ganapati Khanda, chapter 28, 10th
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19. Harishchandra Kushwah (commentator)
Charak Samhita of Agnivesha redacted by
Dridhbala and Charak Chikitsasthana 1/3/4-6,
reprint edition 2016, published by Chaukhamba
Orientalia, Varanasi – 221001, pg.9
Declaration :
Conflict of Interest : None
ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 9 3 8 9
Dr. Subhash Waghe
Inter. J.Digno. and Research
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